Plath’s Daddy - Plath as a Weak Feminist :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Plath as a Weak Feminist in Daddy Plath's innate emptiness and emotional constraint comes , I believe, from her lack of male encouragement and her according need for domination. This streams from the untimely death of her father at 9. In this poem Plath alludes to her relationship to her father with an emphasis on his German background and identity. In this way she comments on him in contradicting terms, firstly, as a divine figure: "..A bag full of God", towering over her in a seemingly totalitarian way. She then transforms her implication with " No God, but a swatztika" a completely ironic comment in comparison to the first as Nazism is essentially pagan in its nature. The extended reference to the confusion of her father as Hitler is shown through indications of his "Mein Kampf look" and "neat moustache." Similarly, Plath confuses herself with the role of a Jew, symbolising the insecurity which lies within her subconsciousness, and the recognition which she has of her victimisation from men. This victimisation follows on with allusions to her marriage with Hughes, and the similarities Plath associated between her father and husband: "If I've killed one man, I've killed two--- The vampire who said he was you" Hughes himself acknowledged this confusion in his poem THE SHOT: "Your real target stood behind me Your Daddy The man with the smoking gun" This quote reinforces her father's role in Plath's eventual demise as it implies that the 'smoking gun' once shot Plath's bullet of fatality. Essentially this poem signifies Plath's weakness, and threatens her iconic stature as a feminist . Reacting against this common stereotype with which she is named, her poetry indicates a lack of stability and inner faith, excluding those who are bitter and entirely negative.

Journal of Operation Management Essay

A critical review using P.S. Adler, Mary Benner, David James, John Paul MacDuffie, Emi Osono, Bradley R. Staats, Hirotaka Takeuchi, Michael L. Tushman and Sindey G. Winer, Journal of operation management: Perspectives on the productivity dilemma The article focuses on the critical issue in the areas of operations management, strategy, product development and international business. Taylor and Deming had operation research on an organisation that can increase efficiency by adhering strictly to the proven templates. While Abernathy and March also research how efficiency can impose cost. March and Simon suggest an organisation solve problems but acquiring knowledge that can be reused to solve similar problems in the future. Further on to say knowledge captures the essence of what worked in the past enabling organisation to take short-cuts and avoid deadens, thereby abridging the problem solving. Abernathy also suggested a firm focus on productivity gains inhibited its flexibility and ability to innovate. He observed that the automobile industry, a firm’s economic decline was directly related to its efficiency and productivity efforts. He also suggested that a firm’s ability to compete over time was rooted not only increasing efficiency. Readability Apple Company shows a greater productivity in their creativity and innovation, but has been some critical issue emerging with the new CEO of the company, which have been a mass suicide threat, posed an ethical dilemma facing Apple and its new leader and the employees. Practical application The ethnical issue hit Apple’s new leader, showing a great crisis, workers threaten recklessness in protest over their working conditions where workers can have a safe work environment free of discrimination, and they can earn competitive wages and can voice their concerns freely. Apple’s suppliers must live up to this to do business with Apple. Reflective comments – Evidence of evaluation and critical thinking, i.e. ways in which you understand the academic/practical aspects of the paper (you may use additional pages) The journal describe the different component of work with evaluates evidence. It suggests a good example with Toyota having a good appreciation of different type of evidence and what is offered. Using (Abernahty) research as an evidence measures with the increase in efficiency and (David James Brunner, Bradley R. Staata and Michael L. Tushman) with practical evidence where I think organisation often finds them undecided between contradictory and conflicting goals regarding the issue about foxcoon increasing the monthly wages of employees making it difficult for Apple to deal with then on an agree based while such issue can be resolve with (David James Brunner, Bradley R. Staata and Michael L. Tushman) evidence and will come on good term to do business. Productivity dilemma highlights the tension between a particular pair of widely held goals: efficiency and adaptability. As in the article, the nature of such tension and approaches for handling situation with the employees in Apple wi ll be a constrcutive approach for Apple to resolve conflict to attain efficiency for the growth of the company. Adler argues that the structuring, systematizing and rationalizing associated with bureaucracy can enable creativity and innovation. However creativity and innovation such a tightly coupled systems required cooperation among interdependent participants, which depends in turn on a foundation of trust. This trust is always threatened by the possibility that profit pressure may undermine this cooperation by turning the tool of enabling bureaucracy into a coercive weapon. The CEO of apple can use the official procedure to fight against the workers and also gain trust in the working conditions. The conflict between apple and Foxcoon can refine efficient routines providing the building blocks for innovation. (Brunner and Staats) prose threat organisation can reconcile exploitation with exploration by intentionally destabilising their own processes through deliberate perturbation and by ensuring that disruptions are translated into learning and knowledge creation through exploratory interpretation. These arguments may help Apple and Foxconn suggest that dynamic conservatism identified by (Tushman and Benner) may be at least in part a property of inferior administrative technologies, rather than an inevitable consequence of disciplined processes.

Factors Promoting Higher Divorce Rates - 724 Words

Demographic and Economic Predictors of Divorce Building on research conducted in prior decades, family scholars have continued to document the major risk factors for divorce. These factors include marrying as a teenager, being poor, experiencing unemployment, having a low level of education, living with ones future spouse or another partner prior to marriage, having a premarital birth, bringing children from a previous union into a new marriage (especially among mothers), marrying someone of a different race, being in a second- or higher order marriage, and growing up in a household without two continuously married parents (Amato DeBoer, 2001; Bramlett Mosher, 2002; Bratter King, 2008; Sweeney Phillips, 2004; Teachman, 2002).†¦show more content†¦These constraints lead some cohabiting couples to marry, even though they would not have married under other circumstances. On the basis of this framework, Stanley, Rhoades, et al. (2006) argued that couples who are engaged prior to cohabitation, compared with those who are not, should report fewer problems and greater relationship stability following marriage, given that they already have made a major commitment to their partners. Several studies have provided evidence consistent with this hypothesis (Brown, 2004; Rhoades, Stanley, Markman, 2009). An earlier generation of scholars assumed that wives employment and income are risk factors for divorce. More recent evidence, however, is mixed about the strength and even the direction of this association (Rogers, 2004; Sayer Bianchi, 2000; Schoen, Rogers, Amato, 2006). On the basis of research from the last decade, several conclusions seem likely. First, wives employment has the potential to generate tension between spouses over the household division of labor. Frisco and Williams (2003) found that perceived unfairness in the division of household labor was associated with decreased marital happiness among spouses and an increased likelihood of divorce. Similarly, Amato, Booth, Johnson, and Rogers (2007) found that wives hours of employment tended to increase spouses perceptions of marital problems. The authors also found, however, that wives earned income improved other dimensions of marital qualityShow MoreRelatedFactors Promoting Higher Divorce Rates Essay1062 Words   |   5 PagesStates published that in 1890 the ratio divorce to marriage was one divorce for every 18 marriages. More than 100 years later, in 2005, the divorce rate had impressively incremented to an astounding rate of one divorce for every 2.1 marriages. Therefore, this augments represents a 40 percent increase in divorce rate in a 100 year period. Additional information found in Hunt/Colander’s Social Science textbook reveals that 40 percent of first marriages end in divorce, 80 percent of those people enter aRead MorePost World War II Women991 Words   |  4 PagesMy family’s history demonstrates the rarity of divorce and separation. However, the emergence of divorce perpetuated years to follow, infringing upon social norms promoting controversy. Fortunately, Canada introduced new reforms to minimize economic hardship for single families, such as welfare. Thus, prior to the 1920’s single families were very uncommon however post Word War II, there were many factors that increased this such as; high mortality rate in the war, job demands away from the home, socialRead MorePrevention Plan for Divorce Before Marriage Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages9 Personal Relationships Wellness Philosophy Paper (PRW) Fall 2012 Marriage is one of the most essential factors of human life. It creates the basis for everyone to pursue a better, healthier, and happier life. However, it is the fact that there are more and more couples marrying and then ending up with divorce, and this rate is increasing faster year by year. Actually, all the divorce cases are originated from some of the forms of emotional illness that gradually appear in each partner duringRead MoreFamily Structure Changes And Child Behavior Problems Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine whether economic structure played a role in the behaviors of children. The study focused on a specific age group between 3 to 12 years old. Additionally, the study took in to account other changes in a family structure – single mothers, divorce, and father’s involvement in the child’s life. The study illustrated that â€Å"significant associations between family changes and child behavior problems emerged only for changes experienced dur ing early childhood and preschool.† Furthermore the dataRead MoreUnwanted and Unplanned Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Illness1544 Words   |  7 PagesUnwanted and Unplanned Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Illness (STI) Teen Pregnancy The birth rate among teens in the United States has declined 9% from 2009 to 2010, a historic low among all racial and ethnic groups, with the least being born in 2010; and in 2011 the number of babies born to adolescents aged 15-19 years of age was 329,797 (â€Å"Birth Rates for U.S.†, 2012). Although the decline in unwanted and unplanned teen births is on the rise the United States continues to be among theRead MoreMarriage Argumentative Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesGey’, marriage has a universal appeal. It continues to be the most intimate social network, providing the strongest and most frequent opportunity for social and emotional support. Though, over the years, marriage appears to be tarnished with high divorce rates, discontentment and infidelity, it is still a principal source of happiness in the lives of respective partners. Although marriage is perceived as a deeply flawed institution serving more the needs of the society than those of the individuals,Re ad MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Adolescents1945 Words   |  8 PagesDefining the Issue Throughout this paper, the impact of divorce as it relates to delinquency among children and adolescents will be discussed at length. From the judicial perspective, divorce is the legal dissolving of a relationship, and the removal of one parent from another (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). Divorce not only effects the parents and the children, but has the ability to effect the criminal justice system as well (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). The high number of divorced familiesRead MoreThe Nuclear Family Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pageschild-rearing, and other economic responsibilities had to be done by two adults only (Bowden Smith, 2010). In this paper, we look into the development of the nuclear family: its origin, evolution, and status today. We also look into the most influential factors that led to the current status of nuclear families. We also look into the recommendations that represent different values and belief systems that promote the revival of degraded idealization and decline of the nuclear family. The Modern Nuclear FamilyRead MoreProblems And Challenges Of Poverty1595 Words   |  7 Pagesresidents due to the rising costs of living, making it extremely difficult for families in low-income groups to meet their basic needs3. In 2010, the poverty rate in Saskatchewan was 10.1% which is higher than Canada’s overall poverty rate (8.4%)4. About 99,000 people were affected by poverty, and the child poverty rate was the third highest provincial rate across Canada4. Also in 2010, 11.7% of all children under the age of 18 (approximately 30,000 children) were living below the poverty line4. The mostRead MoreObesity : Better Policies For A Healthier America 20151319 Words   |  6 Pagespercentile. Generally, obesity is associated with higher energy intake and lower energy expenditure. Egger and Swinburn (1997) call it a â€Å"traditional† view and suggest the need in a paradigm shift; their ecological approach to the problem suggests that the impetus for rising obesity is the â€Å"increasingly obesogenic environment† (p. 478), which they define as â€Å"the sum of influences that the surroundings, opportunities, or conditions of life have on promoting obesity in individuals or populations,† rather

The American Dream is a recurrent theme in American...

The American Dream is a recurrent theme in American literature, dating back to some of the earliest colonial writings. Benjamin Franklin, who is considered to be the epitome of the self-made man once said, â€Å"The Constitution only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself† (Franklin). Furthermore it is the belief that every man, whatever his origins, may pursue and attain his chosen goals; whether they be political, financial or social. However, the composition of the American Dream transformed as America changed. Gradually, individuals became fixated with affluence. The right to pursue happiness was still permissible, however; many persons began to believe their right was to pursue money. In†¦show more content†¦He especially envies the lives of those who live so close to him. The Buchanan’s live in an elite section of Long Island, known as East Egg, and Gatsby desires to inhabit the lives of those across th e bay. He pursues the lives of Daisy and Tom, who come from ‘old money’, and it is the green light at the end of their dock that symbolizes his longing for wealth and power. This desire for material possessions is evident upon the arrival of Mr. Gatz. Describing the awe in his eyes, Nick narrates, â€Å"[†¦] when he looked around him now for the first time and the saw the height and splendor of the hall and the great rooms opening from it into other rooms, his grief began to be mixed with awed pride† (168). The luxurious parties that Gatsby throws every Saturday night in his extravagant home attract many people, however; he does not deem it necessary to befriend these individuals. Gatsby’s obsession for material gains is reflected in his house, decadent parties, expensive clothing and his car. Gatsby’s dream of wealth proves to be â€Å"a naà ¯ve dream based on the fallacious assumption that material possessions are synonymous with happiness, harmony, and beauty† (Fahey 70). Gatsby is captivated with the idea of Daisy, but not the true embodiment of her character. Unfortunately, Nick is the only person to recognize this and comprehend that â€Å"Gatsby’s dream has been futile from the beginning: he will never be accepted into theShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesC1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. To George Blin, Profesor at the Collà ¨ge de France, whithout whom none of these pages would have been started. CONTENTS A Note onRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesguide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy

Reflective Models Used by Nurses Essay - 891 Words

Reflective Practice Introduction: Reflection its self is looking into personal thoughts and actions. For nurses this would mean looking at how they performed a particular task taking into consideration their interaction with their colleagues and other members of staff, patients and in some cases relatives This then enables the nurse to assess their actions and thought processes. There are various frameworks of reflection that one could choose and the examples used for this work is by Gibbs (1988), Johns (2000) and Benner (1982) Gibbs: Gibbs reflective cycle encourages one to think in order about the different areas of an experience. It is presented in a number of questions that the reflective practitioner†¦show more content†¦John’s model (1995) for structured reflection adopts a humanistic view seeing the nurse and patient as equal partners in creating the environment for care . Dawn Freshwater, Christopher Johns. (1998,2005) It gives the user many more questions to answer instead of letting the pra ctitioner find their own way from section to section of the model. The Model: How could I handle this better in a similar situation? What would be the consequences of alternative actions? How did my actions match my beliefs? How do I feel about the situation? Has this changed my ways of knowing? A model of structured reflection (10th version) Johns, 1995. As one can see this method of reflection is rather prescriptive asking many questions but maybe this idea helps some practioners reflect without missing anything they perceive as being important. To engage in such a deep level of reflection requires the personal and daily practice of the nurse to undertake this commitment for ontological development of one’s self. A model of structured reflection (10th version) Johns ( 1995). Benner: Benner is a nursing theorist who came up with a specific framework. Her Book from which the framework originally comes looks at the knowledge within clinical nurse practice and uses the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition used in nursing. Prentice Hall (2001). Her framework was produced to enable nurses to put their nursing actions into systems. TheShow MoreRelatedReflection1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this assignment is to discuss the contribution of reflective practice for clinical nursing. Reflection has been defined as a way for individuals to â€Å"capture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate† (Boud et al 1985: 19) Argyris and Schon (1974) suggest that practitioners often practice at less than effective levels because they follow routine. Johns (1995) implies that action can be taken through reflection to increase effectiveness in practice as reflection providesRead MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Practice Theoretical Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Practice Theoretical Essay Introduction(300) Rolfe (2011) state that reflection is a mental process which include thinking, feeling, imagining and learning about what was happening in the past and which could be considered as a personal experience. Reflection is a continuous debate on what might have happened differently and if this could affect differently the present and the future regarding the outcome if is positive or negative. Experience underpin the process of reflectionRead MoreReflective Practices and Health Care Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, reflection and reflective practice have become well-known term with in the health care arena. They are words that have been debated and discussed with in the health care setting (Tony and Sue 2006). Reflective practice is essential for nurses, as nurses are responsible for providing care to the best of their ability to patients and their families (NMC, 2008). Reid (1993) states reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to descri be, analyse, evaluateRead MoreEvaluation And Assessment Of Oncology933 Words   |  4 Pagesmany pain assessments in oncology patient populations has allowed me to be competent and confident in my performance and patient interactions. Sub-goal 2: I will reflect upon my experiences of the role as a resource nurse on nine units in acute care settings, and identify models of floating with respective limitations and benefits. I will complete this by April 15. 2016. SG2-A1: 1) For this activity, I have specifically chosen to write weekly journal entries of my experiences and assumptions withRead MoreThe Importance Of Nursing Patients With Multi Resistant Organisms ( Mros )1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to reflect on the importance of demonstrating nursing care with patients requiring standard and contact precautions using a model of reflection. Reflection is the process in which learners engage to recapture, notice and re-evaluate their experience, to work with their experience and to turn it into learning (Boud et al, 1993). The skill of reflection is essential to the development of clinical knowledge and ability which allows the learner to consider personal and professionalRead MoreThe Theory And Practices Of Reflection1254 Words   |  6 Pages Critical reflection is the active, organised cognitive process used to carefully examine ones thinking and the thinking of others. It draws upon skills used in other ways of thinking, but is viewed as a broader concept that’s differentiated by its holistic, purposeful, reflective and goal orientated nature. Critical thinking is central to quality nursing practice. It is therefore important that nurses purposefully use and develop their critical thinking ability in order to deliver safe and effectiveRead MoreThe Importance Of Reflection And How It Aids The Professional Development Of A Newly Graduated Nurse1622 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many demanding professional adjustments when transitioning from student nurse to graduate nurse and the use of refection during this time is said to be a very important tool in guiding the learning process. It is common in the field of nursing to utilise reflection to critically analyse certain experiences and reflect on how they made them feel and react. This involves looking deeper into a particular experience and deciding what was good, what was bad and what would be a better courseRead MoreA Clinical Skills Formative Assessment844 Words   |  4 Pagesreflecting on a clinical skills formative assessment, to do this I will be using the driscoll’s model of reflection (2007) This model will be used in the essay to show that I have thought critically, relating the theory to practical session I will also be using this model because this is a recognized framework that will assist me in demonstrating how able I am to think and reflect critically on my assessment. Reflective practice in nursing is the process where we examine our nursing ability’s and practiceRead MoreNursing Reflection Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagespracticing as a student nurse. I will use a reflective model to discuss how I have achieved the necessary level of competence in my nurse training programme. The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Gibbs model of reflection incorporates the following: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and an action plan (Gibbs 1988). The model will be applied to the essay to facilitate critical thought, relating theory to practice where the model allows. DiscussionRead MoreEssay on Critical Incident1728 Words   |  7 PagesWithin this essay, the author will reflect on a critical incident using a reflective model. In order to guide the author undertake this reflection, Johns (2002) reflective model will be utilised. As the first stage of Johns reflective model asks for the description of the event, the descriptive part will be attached (see appendix A). In accordance with the NMC Code of Professional Conduct (2008) the names of the individual involved have been changed usin g pseudonym in the form of James, Jennifer

Organizational Behavior for People and Performance- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for People and Performance. Answer: With the ramified economic changes, each and every organization needs to prepare employees oriented business functioning. Employee is the person who is fully absorbed by enthusiastic about the work and more inclined towards taking positive action in the best interest of the organization growth. Employee engagement could be defied as property of the relationship establish between organization and employees. It is analysed that better engagement means better productivity in the business process of organization. It is evaluated that corporations whose employees are indulged in the business decision making process of management out perform as compared to other organization. After evaluating the various facts of the small and big companies, it is considered that when employees are engaged at work, they feel connected with the company. They believe that the kind of work they are doing and development of the organization will also result to their welfare as well. However, employee engagemen t program is also determined as process which is used by management of organization to establish nexus between employees growth and organization development. Employee engagement promotion is the discretionary power of the management department and should be handled by them after considering all the internal and external factors of the business (Wang, Lu, and Siu, 2015). Why is employee engagement important to organization success? The importance of employee engagement to the organization success is based on benefits and intents to the organization development. There are several main points which are given as below. The employee engagement program helps organization to create synergy in its business process. It motivates employees to deliver the best possible results in their work. It is determined as important HR variables which assist in reducing the overall employees turnover, production cost and eventually increase the return on capital employed It establishes the proper nexus between employees growth and organization development. It increases the responsibilities of the employees and strengthen the strategic planning which eventually reduces the chance of business loss at the management level. This employee engagement program creates enthusiasm in employees to deliver the best result and also motivates them to take proactive steps to accomplish set results and objectives (Leiter, and Bakker, 2010). It assists organization to create core competency in the work process and helps company to develop product differentiation and cost leadership strategy on the sustainable basis in competitive market (Albrecht, et al. 2015). It is analysed that the impact of employee engagement program on the job performance and organizational commitment is highly based on the social exchange theory. It is observed that engagement of employees is traditionally defined as development of the process to restrict employers to take dominating decisions for their employees. It keeps employees to do their work effectively with their own liberty. With the ramified economic changes, each and every employees should undertake proper decisions to increase the quality of their work and increase the overall output. It is observed that when employees are allowed to take their own decisions and participate in the strategic decisions taken by management then they could raise the queries and problems faced by them in their work in the conducted meeting. This will not only motivate employees to solve the possible queries but also assist them to encounter their faced issues and problem in effective manner. The sustainable employee engagemen t process reflects the intensity of the employees joint with the development of the organization which is based on three core elements such as the extent of employee engagement their discretionary efforts committed to attain set goals. There are several reasons which divulges that employee engagement has deep relation with the job performance (Mone, and London, 2018). Employee engagement focuses on motivating employees and make employees intrinsically committed to the better productivity and organization development. It will assist in creating the organizational environment which will support the productivity and efficiency in multiple way. In concise form, it could be inferred that when employee engagement starts to decline, then companies will become vulnerable not only to measureable drop in efficiency or productivity but also results to poorer customer services and increased rate of absenteeism and turnover. For instance, if company follows strict policies and rules and is less inclined towards preparing employee oriented organizational culture then it will not only decrease the efficiency of the employee but also render several negative results such as demotivation in employees, less effective outcomes and increased turnover (Schaufeli, Bakker, and Van Rhenen, 2009). References Albrecht, S.L., Bakker, A.B., Gruman, J.A., Macey, W.H. and Saks, A.M., 2015. Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(1), pp.7-35. Leiter, M.P. and Bakker, A.B., 2010.Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology press Mone, E.M. and London, M., 2018.Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B. and Van Rhenen, W., 2009. How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism.Journal of Organizational behavior,30(7), pp.893-917. Wang, H.J., Lu, C.Q. and Siu, O.L., 2015. Job insecurity and job performance: The moderating role of organizational justice and the mediating role of work engagement.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(4), p.1249.

Transportation Solutions for People Defence

Surveillance Cameras Due to the increasing rates of attacks on commuters in public transport vehicles and trains, the need for surveillance cameras in such modes of transport has reached critical levels. Attacks on innocent people in trains and buses are on the increase, and these people do not have the means to protect themselves. Victims of such attacks need to see justice served against their attackers, but how can this be possible without proper evidence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Transportation Solutions for People Defence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consider the case of the 24-year-old woman who was raped and murder on a bus as her boyfriend watched. The woman eventually died from the injuries she received from the ordeal. Although the culprits were eventually apprehended, the life of a bright and promising young woman was lost. The fact that the culprits were eventually apprehended usin g evidence from a roadside CCTV makes the need to have surveillance cameras installed in public transport vehicles greater. The woman’s boyfriend was eternally tormented by the experience and could not be expected to testify effectively before the court. This is because of the emotional torment that he had to endure, and the utter feeling of desperation and helplessness to protect his beloved girlfriend. In courts, a culprit is either incarcerated or exonerated based on the presented evidence. If a victim or witness is unable to produce evidence properly, culprits are likely to be set free. This is a double tragedy to the victims and their families, and it can be solved by simply installing surveillance cameras in public transport vehicles and trains. Although the problem of raping commuters is more common in India, San Francisco can serve as a role model to other states and nations by installing surveillance cameras in public transport vehicles. After the rape and murder of the 24-year woman, another woman was also attacked by a transport bus driver who attempted to rob and rape her (NDTV par. 1). Presence of surveillance cameras will deter potential safety and insecurity threats to the innocent, weak, and physically impaired members of the society. The innocent includes young school going children who are unaware of the daily dangers they are exposed to as they commute to and from school. The weak members of the society include the sick and elderly individuals who lack the strength to physically fight their attackers.Advertising Looking for research paper on transportation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of the women may also be considered to belong to this group since they cannot engage in brawls with men. Members of the society who are physically impaired include individuals with severe injuries, blind or have other bodily deformations. Although there have been concerns about the issue o f tracking the communication and movement of people, surveillance in buses is important in protecting such vulnerable groups. It is not possible to determine whether an individual is a pedophile from his or her appearance. However, these individuals can permanently change the lives of young children by sexually assaulting them. Sexually molested children are forced to endure a life of shame and regret, although they were not responsible for the experiences they had to go through under their molesters. Sometimes, the emotional damage done to children is irreparable, and some eventually commit suicide or become violent as adults. The children are the future of the country and should be allowed to grow as normally as possible. Even though cases of children being raped in public transport trains or buses, there have been cases of children being raped in other countries. Consider the case of a 14-year-old girl who was raped in Punjab by a truck driver, or the 18-year-old girl who eventua lly committed suicide after being raped by a gang, and police did not arrest her rapists. Individuals with physical impairments are also exposed to attack because they cannot defend themselves. These individuals end being bullied or losing their property to their attackers. This should not be allowed to continue, and such cases can be prevented by simply installing surveillance cameras in public transport vehicles and trains. Surveillance cameras are also important in the collection of vital evidence and prevention of fraudulent claims. Altercations between passengers and employees of commuter services may arise due to many reasons. Sometimes, these altercations degenerate into physical fights, which may result in considerable injury. Since such incidences may result in litigations, compensation demands being made on the company or insurance claims which all are bad for the publicity of the companies, public transport companies strive to protect their customers and employees from su ch situations. For instance, a court exonerated a Californian man in 2010 after videotape records showed that he had been falsely accused of an attack on a Muni driver (Aparton par. 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Transportation Solutions for People Defence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such false accusations are damaging to the reputation of an individual, and show that a company’s employees are untrustworthy and can behave irresponsibly. This illustrates the necessity of surveillance in public transport vehicles and trains because employees of these companies have shown that they can also make falsified claims. Another example where a Muni bus employee made falsified claims occurred in 2012 when the driver, Velma Louise Jones, made a false claim of a robbery attack while she was at work on June 1, 2012 (Ho par. 2). Ms. Jones used her claims to fraudulently seek for compensation but was l ater charged with various felonies after a surveillance video showed that she had lied while reporting the attack. Without such surveillance tapes, the truth becomes harder to determine, and court cases may become unnecessarily prolonged. The cameras can also be used for other crucial purposes such as assessment of employees of public transport companies. The competition to have loyal customers loyal to specific public transport companies is high because commuters have the liberty to choose from many options. Commuters may choose to travel via bus or train, and the number of companies offering these services is high. Consequently, it is critical for companies offering these services to appraise services offered by their employees. However, appraisal using supervisors onboard is likely to provide false results since the employees are likely to modify their behavior. Opinion from commuters may also be unreliable because some commuters would not wish to jeopardize another personâ€℠¢s employment. Using surveillance cameras enable constant observation of the behavior of transport company employees and helps in proper assessment of the employees. This help in improving the quality of services offered by the employees and helps in the training of other employees (Notbohm par. 7). Surveillance cameras in public transport vehicles and trains also help in curbing incidences of fare evasion. The captured images are used in identification, tracking, and prosecution of such culprits, and this helps in ensuring that these companies do not lose revenue from such activities.Advertising Looking for research paper on transportation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Security Guards Another method of addressing the safety and insecurity issues affecting commuters using public transport vehicles and trains is by employing security guards. Since security guards are extensively trained on identification and prevention of security threats, they help in deterring and curbing insecurity threats on commuters in public transport vehicles, commuter trains, and stations. The July 7, 2005 suicide attacks on the London subway, which resulted in 52 deaths and multiple injuries illustrate the need for security guards in subway stations and trains. In September 2012, an eighteen-year-old was robbed of his belonging after alighting from a commuter train near Glen Park neighborhood (CBS SF par. 1). The mugger seemed to be aware of the teenager’s movement and was expecting his arrival at the station. Presence of security guards at the station would have prevented the mugging from occurring. The teenager’s refusal to seek medical attention or record the incidence with law enforcement officers shows that he was greatly disappointed by the security. Although civilians are expected to be the first to ensure their safety, some incidences have shown that this is not so. For instance, a 20-year-old San Francisco State University student was shot in a commuter train in 2013 while his fellow commuters were too engrossed on their smartphones to notice the killer pull out his gun and repeatedly point it at random directions (O’Connor par. 2). Security guards are needed in commuter trains and buses. At the end of a busy day, passengers are understandably tired and eager to reach their destinations. Smartphones offer them good distractions from their monotonous journeys although expose them to danger. Employing security guards in the commuter trains and buses will ensure that the passengers are safe from such security threats. Security guards can also help the elderly and sick commuters in boarding the right buses and trains, and al so alighting at the right terminals. Plainclothes security guards can also be used to curb insecurity in some routes. This is because villains will not be aware of who the actual security guards are in their midst. The villains will find it difficult to attack other commuters since they will fear being apprehended. Uniformed security guards can also help in curbing insecurity in commuter vehicles, trains, and stations. Villains who see such uninformed will behave well and not attack other passengers even though they would seize any opportunity available to do so. Although security guards help in reducing insecurity for commuters, many companies face budgetary and personnel constraints which limits their ability to establish the presence of security guards in their vehicles, trains or stations (Transit Cooperative Research Program 2). However, it is important to note that the security and lives of commuters are important to public transport companies. As a result, these companies sho uld seek ways of enhancing the security of commuters. Security cameras offer cheaper and long-term solutions although their initial costs are high. This is because once they are installed, the costs needed to maintain them is low unless they are vandalized. However, this only occurs in very rare and extreme cases such as during hijacking incidences. However, security guards are also important because they can promptly respond to any security threats. Metal detectors can also be placed on doors of trains and buses to alert drivers and security guards of potential guns in the trains. This will help them be more prepared to respond to any unseen situations. Works Cited Aparton, Tamara. Tourist acquitted of attacking Muni driver. 2013. Web. CBS SF. Teen SF Muni passenger robbed at knifepoint after exiting light-rail train. 2012. Web. Ho, Vivian. S. F. Muni driver accused of fabricating attack. 2014. Web. NDTV. Banglore: Driver allegedly throws woman from bus after rape attempt. 2014. We b. Notbohm, Rodell. How transit video surveillance systems play an important role in security and efficiency. 2013. Web. O’Connor, Lydia. San Francisco train passengers too distracted by phones to notice shooter’s gun in plain sight. 2013. Web. 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