Past Paper Essay

Knowledge module Financial Accounting (International) Time allowed 2 hours ALL FIFTY questions argon compulsory and MUST be attempted. Do NOT open this paper until instructed by the supervisor. This question paper must not be removed from the tryout hall. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Paper F3 (INT) ALL 50 questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted Please use the Candi discover enrolment Sheet provided to indicate your chosen answer to each multiple choice question. Should details of material adjusting or material non-adjusting events after the balance sheet date be disclosed in the notes to financial lines according to IAS 10 Events After the Balance Sheet Date? A B Adjusting events Non-Adjusting events (1 mark) 2 At 30 June 2005 a companys allowance for receivables was $39,000. At 30 June 2006 trade receivables totalled $517,000. It was decided to write off debts totalling $37,000 and to adjust the allowance for receivables to the equivalent of 5 per pen ny of the trade receivables based on past events.What figure should appear in the income statement for the year ended 30 June 2006 for these items? A B C D $61,000 $22,000 $24,000 $23,850 (2 marks) 3 In times of rising prices, what effect does the use of the historical cost concept have on a companys plus values and bread? A B C D Asset values and profit two understated Asset values and profit both overstated Asset values understated and profit overstated Asset values overstated and profit understated. (2 marks) 4 The IASBs Framework for the preparation and founding of financial statements gives qualitative characteristics that make financial information reliable.Which of the following are examples of those qualitative characteristics? A B C D Faithful Representation, neutrality and free will Neutrality, comparability and true and fair view Prudence, comparability and accruals Neutrality, accruals and going concern (2 marks)5 The following bank reconciliation statement has been prepared by a trainee restrainer Overdraft per bank statement less Outstanding cheques add Deposits credited after date Cash at bank as calculated above $ 3,860 9,160 5,300 16,690 21,990What should be the correct balance per the cash in book? A B C D $21,990 balance at bank as stated $3,670 balance at bank $11,390 balance at bank $3,670 overdrawn. (2 marks) 6 Which of the following calculates a traders net profit for a period? A B C D Closing net assets + drawings detonating device introduced opening net assets Closing net assets drawings + capital introduced opening net assets Closing net assets drawings capital introduced opening net assetsClosing net assets + drawings + capital introduced opening net assets. (2 marks) 7 A sole trader took some goods costing $800 from inventory for his give use. The normal selling price of the goods is $1,600. Which of the following journal entries would correctly record this? Dr Cr $ $ A Drawings narrative 800 Inventory account 800 B C Drawings account Purchases account Sales account Drawings account 800 800 1,600 1,600 (1 mark) 8 The debit side of a companys trial balance totals $800 more than the credit side.Which virtuoso of the following errors would fully account for the difference? A B C D $400 paid for plant maintenance has been correctly entered in the cash book and credited to the plant asset account. Discount received $400 has been debited to discount allowed account A receipt of $800 for commission receivable has been omitted from the records The petty cash balance of $800 has been omitted from the trial balance. (2 marks) 3 9 A companys income statement for the year ended 31 December 2005 showed a net profit of $83,600.It was later found that $18,000 paid for the purchase of a motor van had been debited to the motor expenses account. It is the companys policy to depreciate motor vans at 25 per cent per year on the straight line basis, with a full years charge in the year of acquisition. What would the net profit be after adjusting for this error? A B C D $106,100 $70,100 $97,100 $101,600 (2 marks) 10 Should dividends paid appear on the face of a companys income statement? A B Yes No (1 mark) 1 The following take account has been prepared by a trainee accountant Receivables ledger control account $ spread balance 308,600 Credit sales 154,200 Cash sales 88,100 Contras against credit balances in payables ledger 4,600 Cash received from credit customers Discounts allowed to credit customers Interest charged on overdue accounts Bad debts written off Allowance for receivables Closing balance $ 147,200 1,400 2,400 4,900 2,800 396,800 555,500 555,500 What should the closing balance be when all the errors made in preparing the receivables ledger control account have been corrected?

Leading Change Strategically Essay

AbstractWhereas stir does not cause renovation, all improvements require modification. The ability to develop, test, and implement substitutes are important for any particular proposition, group, or organization that wants to continually enhance. There are many kinds of changes that will result in renovation, but these particular changes develop from a limited number of change principles. A change idea is a basic notion or approach to alter that, which has been found to be useful in developing specific ideas for changes that result in renovation. John Kotter notes an eight-step process to change. This narrative provides an in-depth review of Charlotte Beers and how she gained trust of those at Ogilvy and Mather oecumenic while CEO, and leveraged that trust to turn internal and external organizational challenges. Employing Kotters eight-steps when fostering change, this narrative closely reviews the concepts and how Beers applied the steps to develop change within the sixth larges t advertising agency in the world.Charlotte Beers At Ogilvy and Mather WorldwideSense of UrgencyBeers was appointed CEO of Ogilvy and Mather (Ogilvy and Mather) Worldwide in April 1992 to turn around the embattled advertising agency (Levin, 1992, p. 2). Ogilvy and Mather was losing market share and the internal leading was doing more in fighting than moving the organization in becoming the number one advertising agency. Hiring Beers was key in getting the organization on the right track, leveraging several of Kotters change steps in doing so. Coined as someone who is exterior to the organization, Beers was an anomaly as she chosen as a leader who was appointed from outside, that, which was not typical. Most senior leaders within Ogilvy and Mather were promoted from within.After losing major campaigns from Unilever and Shell Oil Company, certain change was imminent, but asleep in how to embrace (Levins, 1992, p. 7).Additional campaign losses affected the New York office and directe d this failure to the just about senior person within the organization. A major shake-up took place in 1999, when CEO, Phillips stepped down as the senior leader, and for the first time in history and person outside the company was appointed. With a strong history preceding her, Beers prior successes while COO of Tatham-Lair & Kuder, provided expertise require for Ogilvy and Mather.To be successful, Beers would consider to inject a sense of urgency (Kotter, 2002) by outlying the vision of the organization. Beer knew that change would be easier if people at Ogilvy and Mather desired the change and motivated in making it happen. Beers needed to leverage effective dialogue and build a guiding conjunction who could help move that vision to the forefront. Beers was responsible for infusing her vision, while still conducting her managerial and strategic tasks for moving the organization forward. Beers would have to build a new organization structure, which managing politics and keepi ng eyes on Ogilvy and Mathers mission and vision. Strategic in her approach, Beers needed to bring into literary argument the organization with Ogilvy and Mathers vision. Kotter emphasis, possessing a sense of urgency is the first step when implementing change (Kotter, 1992). Getting her message to all internal Ogilvy and Mather stakeholders, Beers wanted one single, can message that introduced expectations while soliciting help and in gaining buy-in from staff and other organizational leaders.Her first effort was using multimedia to creating a clear message that she needed there help, while still shaping Ogilvy and Mathers future. Beers candor and openness was encountert-felt by the masses. Beers needed to form a credible guiding coalition and delegate the authority to them to work across the organization (Kotter, 1992). Once Beers applied these first steps successfully, she could direct her focus on the third step of the gravel in developing a change vision and strategy. Orga nizations sometimes rush through this step too quickly. When done correctly, however, it requires time to get a change vision and strategy right (Kotter, 2002).Guiding CoalitionBeers established herself as a leader, and made time to meet with each senior executive to hear concerns and how they thought about the impendingchanges. She selected her guiding coalition based on those ready for the challenge (Ibarra, 2011). She selected her essential senior leading team by confluence with them one-on-one to assess their allegiance to Ogilvy and Mather, and ultimately to her. Ensuring that her team reflected the entire organization, composed of artistic and management-focused talent.Convincing Ogilvy and Mathers key people was crucial in creating Beers coalition, built upon the urgency and momentum (Phillips, 2012, p. 496). Ogilvy and Mathers old ways of doing things was indicative of habitual behaviors. These habits were regular stable patterns of evens that became routine and would take time to change for the failing advert giant. Beer knew organizational change involved both anticipated and unanticipated changes in Ogilvy and Mathers power and influence structure. While some of the leaders may find their influence or power increased, and others found theirs decreased as a result of Beers changes. Bee dealt with misunderstandings as a result of communication barriers, permeated deprivation of accountability during the prior leaderships tenure.Getting the Vision RightBeers took the proper steps to hearing her stakeholders concerns while providing a listening ear. These discussion forums provided Beers with entropy that would help in getting the vision right. Beers did not follow the standard old way of doing things, but chartered new lines of communication. She provided the financial community with summary that was very different from her predecessors. Beers indicated to investors where Ogilvy and Mather could become the advertising agency of choice as they onc e were. She reinforced her mantra by painting a clear picture to investors of Ogilvy and Mathers stellar work.Painting a clear vision to the masses was important to Beers, even though she was still working it out. She appealed to the emotional side of employees and leaders, which established gene linkage and accountability. Beers needed to get the team to establish a simple vision and strategy. She focused on the emotional and creative aspects necessary to drive service and talent (Kotter International, 2013). This step meant removing Ogilvy andMathers old things as they were. For Beers to get the vision right, she needed to deem what were Ogilvy and Mathers values, and why they were essential to the change when executing the vision.Communicate for Buy-inStakeholder encounters across the United States were difficult for Beers, especially the one in Vienna. There were personality clashes, and each meeting seemed to nearly end the vision before gaining traction. Beers tenacity and relentlessness forged the vision Ogilvy and Mather needed to repair the damaged caused by a stalemate of change. Establishing Beers vision was difficult as each meeting concluded. Ogilvy desired to be the advertisement agency of choice by all of the Fortuned 500 firms.Beers addressed her leaders by getting to know them and painting a picture that would appeal to their concerns. Daniel Goleman notes six varying leadership styles, when applied to organization structures include visionary, coaching leader, affiliate, democratic, pace-setting ad commanding ( primaeval Leadership, 2004). Beers adopted only three of these styles democratic, authoritative, and coercive. With the most direct approach, Beers often used coercive leadership, which amounts to whatever the boss asks they receive. While her authoritative approach affords autonomy when propelling individuals toward collective goals. Beers knew she had to tread lightly with this style, as Ogilvy and Mather had not yet stabilized fr om chaos.Beers knew she had to get united with the nay-says that was giving the changes, the most push back. While in a meeting in Westchester, New York, Beers leverage the audience to gain consensus on Ogilvy and Mathers mission and vision. Although she was hesitant in having this meeting, she agreed to have another meeting with a larger audience. Utilizing varying leadership styles, provided Beers with trust during a different time of change for Ogilvy and Mather. Her ability to navigate during such a challenging time provided Beers with the credibility needed to galvanize the organization.References publicizing Age. (n.d.). Advertising Age AdAge Encyclopedia RSS. Retrieved November 3, 2013, fromhttp//adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/tatham-laird/98897/ Can Charlotte Beers revive O&M? Frustrated Sorrell seen as force behind agency shuffle. Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis and Annie McKee, Primal Leadership, HBS Press, 2004 Advertising Age, Retrieved from Ogilvy and Mather.lexi snexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic. Kotter, J., & Cohen, D., (2002). The heart of change real-life stories of how people change their organizations. Boston Harvard Business School. Kotter, J. & Rathgeber, Ogilvy and Mather. (2005). Our iceberg is melting. New York St. Martins Press. Ibarra, Ogilvy and Mather., & Sackley, N. (2011, September 21). Books, Cases, Articles, Audio, and More . Charlotte Beers at Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide (B). Retrieved November 3, 2013, from http//hbr.org/ reaping/charlotte-beers-at-ogilvy-mather-worldwide-b/an/495032-PDF-ENG Kotter, J. (n.d.). Step 1 Kotter International The 8 Step Process Step 1. Kotter International Innovative Strategy Implementation Professionals. Retrieved October 19, 2013, from http// Ogilvy and Mather.kotterinternational.com/our-principles/changesteps/step-1 Phillips, J., & Gully, S. M. (2012). Organizational behavior tools for success. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning.

New Look Jackets Inc. : Variance Analysis Essay

IntroductionNew Look Jackets Inc. (NLJ) is a well-established manufacturing company that makes trounce and nylon jackets. The company has to a greater extent long standing customers out-of-pocket to their excellent service and graphic symbol of returns. In 2012, they had some difficulty with quality and filling orders on time due to the join on of demand to the leather jackets. A variance analytic thinking has been completed and this report will break round the results.Sales Volume edition AnalysisThe gross revenue masses for NLJ is well-situated as a whole because 10,000 more jackets were sold then budgeted. The sales volume for the nylon jacket is admonishing because 1,500 fewer jackets were sold then budgeted. However the leather jackets sales volume is favourable because 11,500 more jackets were sold. After taking a closer look at the sales volume and pause the variance into sales fluff and sales quantity. The leather jackets have a favourable sales mix but the ny lon jackets have an unfavourable mix the overall sales mix is favourable. The overall favourable sales mix is favourable because of the high make up in leather jackets sold. The sales mix was budgeted at 95% Nylon and 5% Leather but the actual was 85% Nylon and 15% Leather. The actual sales mix was a composite unit consists of 0.85 units of sales to the Nylon jackets and 0.15 units of sales to the Leather jackets. The reason for this favourable variance is due to the increase in demand of leather jackets. The marketing team did non fore rule this trend therefor did not include the increase of leather jackets in the 2012 budget. NLJ has a favourable sales quantity variance due to the entire jackets sold exceed the budgeted jackets.They have a $139,625F sales quantity variance because sold 10,000 more jackets then what was budgeted. It can also be stated as 10,000 X $13.9625 (see appendix 1) = $139,625F. The 13.9625 (11.6375 Nylon + 2.2350 Leather) is the sum of budgeted CM per uni t forbudgeted mix. The nylon jackets make up 83.3% of this favorable variance because 77,000 more jackets were sold. This is a more affordable product therefor sales more. The sales quantity variance can be further broken down into market-share variance and market-size variance. The market-share is $349,063 unfavourable the company did not achieve the 40% of the leather jacket market because of the study increase to demand. The budgeted leather jacket market was 12,500 but the actual market was 125,000, the market increase 10 times. This oversight was the reason for the unfavourable market-share. The nylon jackets were budgeted at 20% market-share and actually were 22% of market-share. The market-size variance is favourable, as the total market-size was greater than anticipate. The budgeted market unit was 487,500 but the actual size was 550,000, an increased demand of 62,500 units. The market increase is because of the leather jacket demand. In 2012, the nylon jacket market decre ased by 50,000 units.Flexible Budget Variance AnalysisFor the nylon jackets all budgeted amounts were achieved expected the variable selling and administration. The variable selling and administration was favourable by $14,025. The favourable variance was because budget was 15 cents higher than actual. The decrease in the selling and administration damage was due to the decrease in demand for 2012. The leather jackets flexible budget variances were all unfavourable excluding the rent proletariat rate. The plow labour rate was favourable due to the inexperience workers hired to produce the leather jackets. The leather jacket market increase significantly so the demand for skilled workers increased. NLJ had to resort to hiring lowly workers to keep up with demand. This resulted in a favourable direct labour rate but at the cost of sale returns increasing to 8% from 1%. The flexible budget variance is made up of the efficiency (usage) variance and price variance. The leather jacke t price variance is 44,550U because the price was understated in the budgeted by 2.70 per unit. The efficiency (usage) variances for the leather jackets are both unfavourable for direct materials and direct labour. The standard labour usage was 2 hours, NLJ actual labour usage was 2.5 hours. This resulted in a 165,000U variance ((2-2.5)*20*16,500). The direct materials efficiency variance was 66,000U. NLJ used 0.2 metres more a jacket then productionstandards ((2.5m 2.7m)*20*16,500). These unfavourable variances are due to the inexperienced workers that were hired because of the unforeseen demand in leather jackets.Break-Even AnalysisThe sales mix is budgeted for 2013 as 77% Nylon jackets and 23% Leather jackets. With this sales mix the break-even outlined in addition 2 is 53,561 Nylon jackets and 16,068 Leather jackets. For both products, this is 53.56% of the actual budgeted amounts therefor break-even should be reach by 2nd quarter. If the expected market size of either jacket decreases demand, NLJ will still be in the black for 2013. direct Budget 2013Outlined in Appendix 3 is the draft operating budget for 2013. The nylon jacket be are expected to increase by 5% and leather jacket costs have increased from 2012. The production and marketing managers researched the expected conditions for 2013 and the draft budget reflects that. This year, total production is expected to increase by 18.2% and net income by $766,400.RecommendationNLJ knows the Nylon market well so the variances were minimal. The leather market is where the company has to choke more time researching and developing the budget to reduce the unfavourable variances. The markets and future trends should be researched in a more detailed matter for 2013.ConclusionNLJ is a paid company and can stay profitable by keeping their long standing customers. They need to research the market and know the trends coming up so they can budget and plan more efficiently. The big swing in unfavourable varianc es was mainly due to the unforeseen increase in demand to leather jackets. In 2013, NLJ will not see this variances as workers will be fully trained and the marketing and production data is including the upcoming trends.

Health Concerns of Processed Foods Essay

touch foods do been created mainly for convenience and some of the ingredients in these products may not be safe or wellnessy for us. touch foods ar more convenient because if we dont finish the product or dont demand it we dont possess to worry about it spoiling anytime soon as the packaging and ingredients prevent bacteria from forming and trammel the food edible only toilet these extra ingredients and packaging reserve a health risk. holdfast the product can have a different effect in our bodies and how we process them. There is a debate whether bear on foods are good or bad for us besides it just comes buck to the product. Therefore, its important for us to know the foods we are going to rot and if some of those ingredients pose a health concern. Diet soda is thought to be a wear out and healthier choice but the artificial sweetener can actually cause more harm, so its neither better nor healthier. simulated sweeteners can trick 1Brian Alvarezour bodies into thi nking its overpowering sugar, but once we do consume real sugars our bodies arent sure whether to process the sugar so this can cause a health effect such(prenominal) as metabolic confusion and everyplace consumption. Research has been done by the University of Virginia in Richmond showing that artificial sweeteners could confuse the bodys phthisis in calories which would lead to over eating. Artificial sweeteners are mainly used by people who are on diets and diabetics also it doesnt contribute to tooth decay and cavities. These artificial sweeteners can be great for diabetics since they need to control their sugar intake this allows them to have more control on foods they consume.(nearly 26 million people in American have diabetes) An another(prenominal) process food which is debated is oleomargarine such as the product I cant believe its not butter. The soft glycerol trimargarate that comes in watchers ismade from vegetable oils and has less(prenominal) saturated fat than s tandard butter and stick margarine. People who mainly use stick margarine on their foods have a eminenter risk of getting heart disease because it contains Trans fats so this causes a decrease in good cholesterol in the body. Soft margarine can be a better alternative but it depends on 2Brian Alvarezwhich margarine we buy and consume. Stick Margarine is actually worse for a persons cholesterol than soft margarine and butter but between the two soft margarine is better as long as the labeling says no Trans fats. Food manufacturers mainly use trans fat in their products but now that we see the health risks from consuming trans fats companies started cutting back on using them because of the potential health risks. Trans fat has been linked with health risks such as high cholesterol and puts us more at risk for heart disease.Trans Fat is a man made substance that is a mixture of hydrogen gas and vegetable oil, this conveys the oil have a longer shelf life, makes the food taste better , is cheaper and enhances flavor. These are the main reasons manufacturers use trans fat in their products. When a product says no trans fat there is still a possibility it may contain trans fats because products are legally allowed to put no trans fats in their product if their serving portions contain less than 0.5 grams of trans fats. Its recommended not to consume more than 2 grams of Tran fats per day and in products that say no trans fats we should check the ingredients in the label to see if it contains hydrogenated oils to make sure it has no trans fats.Processed foods tend to contain high levulose corn syrup because of its sweet taste, low cost to make and is great at mixing with other ingredients. High fructose corn syrup is still being looked into if it has any health concerns or affects our metabolism. Although high fructose corn syrup chemical composition is similar to regular sugar it cant be broken down as easily than regular sugars. Companies began using High fruct ose corn syrup since 1977 when the set of sugar increased and government regulations kept the price of corn low so High Fructose corn syrup is seen as a more economical substitute. The U.S and Canada have the highest price of sugar, its twicethe as much(prenominal) as the global price. Marketing campaigns by corn industries have tried giving high fructose corn syrup a good name by saying its all natural since its made from corn because of all the negative feedback from the press. Although these Corn companies are calling it Natural it authentically doesnt mean much as Natural isnt really regulated by the FDA.When we look at labels in processed foods we tend not to look at the sodium content which can be a bad thing if we consume too much of it in order to maintain a healthful diet. Sodium is a main ingredient in processed foods because it enhances the sugars flavor, increases the shelf life of foods, and prevents bacteria from forming. The average person consumes 50 percent more sodium than what is recommended daily. In our diets 75 percent of sodium we consume daily comes from processed foods and most of the excess salts we consume are coming from processed foods. We tend to think that because a food has a product that is healthy or natural its going to be good for us but once it becomes processed it adds all sorts of other ingredients or takes away the nutritional value.Processed food companies try to make their products pop out healthy but add other ingredients which were better off eating the regular version. Yogurt is an precedent which companies label them as fat-free or low fat and they are but substitute the fats for sugars to make them better tasting but just causes more weight gain as a result. milk is a good type of processed food which makes it safer for us to consume. When milk is processed it goes through a stage where it is pasteurized and homogenized. The Pasteurization kills the bacteria in the milk and homogenization prevents the fats f rom separating.Brian AlvarezThe Packaging in which processed foods are held in can have a health risk for us due to the BPA be in them. Traces of BPA can be found in canned foods and in products packaged in plastic. BPA can lead to heart disease, cancer and development issues, but has a bigger impact on junior children. Traces of BPA is found in 90 percent of Americans and we are getting them from the packaging in these foods.Works citedArtificial Sweeteners and Other Sugar Substitutes. By Mayo Clinic Staff Mayo Clinic. 09 Oct.2012. Web.Betsch, Mara. 25 Surprisingly Salty Processed Foods. Health Smart. New York. HealthMagazine. Print.Boeschenstein, Nell. How The Food Industry Manipulates Taste Buds with Salt Sugar Fat. NPR. National exoteric Radio, 26 Feb. 2013. Web.16 Jan. 2014.Heyes, Ashley. Put Down That Doughnut FDA Takes on Trans Fats CNN. Health. 13 Nov.2013. Web. 21 Jan.2014.Jegtvig, Shereen. What are Processed Foods.About Nutrition. Health Nutrition, 18 Mar. 2007. Web.16 Jan. 2014.Lovell, Joel. The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food. New York Times, 20 Feb.2013. Print.7Mercola, Joseph. Americas Deadliest Sweetener Betrays Millions, Then Hoodwinks You With Name Change. HuffPost. Healthy Living. 06 July.2010. Web. 20 Jan.2014. Warner, Melanie. Interview with Hari Sreenivasan. phosphate buffer solution NewsHour. Public Television. 14 March 2013. Television.WhiteLocks, Sadie. Does Fat-Free Yogurt Cause Greater Weight Gain Than the blanket(a) Fat Kind? Mail Online. UK. 03 Sep.2013. Web. 21 Jan.2014Waseem, Fatimah.Studys Link Food Packaging Chemical and Obesity. USAToday. 12 Jun.2013. Web.8

ear 10 Additional Science Holiday Homework

1) What are the ii common isotopes of chlorine made up of?There are two types of chlorine atom- one has 17 protons and 18 neutrons(and so has a relative atomic mass of 35) and the other has 17 protons and 20 neutrons(and so has a relative atomic mass of 37).2) Why was the Haber forge such an important invention?Fritz Haber was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development of synthetic ammonia, important for plant foods and explosives.The Haber process is the reception of nitrogen and hydrogen, over an iron catalyst to produce ammonia.The Haber process is important sue to the accompaniment ammonia is difficult to produce, on an industrial scale.The Haber process now produces 100 million tonnes of nitrogen fertilizer each year.1% of the worlds annual energy supply is consumed in the Haber process and that fertilizer is responsible for sustaining 40% of the Earths population.3) Find 3 exothermic and 3 endothermal reactions not mentioned in the textbook?An exothermic reaction is one that releases heat.Examples of exothermic reactions* Adding concentrated acid to water.* Nuclear fission.* Condensation of rain from water vapour.The word endothermic describes a process or reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat.Examples of endothermic reactions* Evaporation of water.* thaw solid salts.* Mixing water and ammonium nitrate.4) Find 2 uses for a thermistor and 2 uses for a LDR. How does the change in their resistance make them suitable for these jobs?Thermistors can be used as replacements for fuses and as heating elements in small temperature controlled ovens. LDRs are used in street lights and clock radios. Change in resistance makes them suitable for their jobs because they change as the resistance changes- they depend on temperature and light.5) Find the mains frequency and potential of electricity in the USA, England and France. What does this mean ab issue the safety of them and how possible it is to use an En glish hairdryer in these countries?France= 230 and 50, England = 240 and 50 and the USA= 120 and 60.This means that it is not safe to use appliances above a certain voltage in that country, and an adaptor must be used if an English hairdryer is to be quid pro quoged in.6) Find out how the lights, sockets and cooker are wired in a house and why they are like this?The lights are in a radical circuit with junction boxes to aid the switching process. Sockets are either in a radical circuit or a ring. Cookers are on a separate fuse because they tangle a larger current.7) How is a lightning conductor like the earth wire in a plug?It is the same because like a lightning conductor, the earth wire will conduct any electricity which it comes into striking with to the ground.8) Who was Geiger?Geiger was the man who co-invented the Geiger counter which measures the ionising radiation and discovered the atomic nucleus.9) What evidence was there for the plum pudding sticker of the atom?Exper iments on the beams of particles in a tube that were attracted to a positive charge showed that they must be negatively charged themselves. Other experiments showed that it would take about 2000 electrons to weigh the same as the lightest atom, hydrogen.The tiny negatively charged particles were called electrons.10) What do the hormones insulin and glucagons do?Insulin converts glucose to animal starch which stops the glucose level form becoming too high, whilst glucagon converts glycogen to glucose to keep your blood sugar levels stable.11) Find one controversy that is going on at the importee over stem cells. What do you think?Using embryonic stem cells as a clinical therapy for Parkinsons disease.I think this is a good idea even though I do not agree with many other stuff that stem cells could possibly be used for as I thin using stem cells to treat Parkinsons disease and also Alzheimers will avail countless amount of people.12) Describe the famous experiment Gregor Mendel did ?Gregor Mendel was a monk who did an experiment on cross-breeding distinguishable types of peas to find out that offspring inherited characteristics in clear and predictable patterns. This helped develop the idea of genes and contagious material.

Personal Values and Ethics Essay

Those peck and things I apprise most is God, my recovery, self, respect, family, education, career, freedom, friends, community, and finance. For me, these people and things are desirable and important. How ever, t present are fourth dimensions when those things and people cause dilemma in my life, and when I neglect to attend to them, especially when it is those judges concerning family, friends, and community, I develop this ain involvement. One thing I induce learned to comfort most is my in-person blood with my high Power whom I chose to constitute God. While in agile addiction I did all types of horrible things that I should have preoccupied my life for.However, God kept me safe and healthy by means ofout my entire measure in supple addiction. For instance, there were times when I would be coming down off a multi-month drug satiate and was hungry, but I was too week from the large amounts of drug intake to go find food. My Higher power al delegacys came throu gh for me and provided me with the much needed nourishment for my body. Once my mind started to clear, I was could hear how my Higher Power had been keeping and carrying me and learned to appreciate and esteem Him a ample deal.Because of my past active addiction, other than drugs I have non always known what I valued. In fact, there was a time when I did not value myself, anything, or anyone. Since cosmos in recovery I have learned to value me, other people, and things. I think that what shaped my values most is my being labored to honestly track down a 12-step, self-help program and actively participate in the recovery fellowship of Narcotics anonymous (N. A. ). In the rooms of N. A I was able to find me and my truths, and this provided me this strong require to seek personal change and find a naturalborn productive way of vitality life.Acquiring this strong desire for lifestyle changes and seeking it in this fellowship, I was forced to involve myself with people who ar e free of drugs, living a N. A. Program way of life, and had operative clean time. It was these individuals who molded, helped, and shaped me to develop a sniff out of self. These new people in my life loved me until I learned to love myself, and this provided the opportunity for me to learn to value me and those people and things in my life at the time.As I continue to fight for my recovery, and as time go by, I noticed that over the years those people and things I value most changes on some level, and honestly functional a program has provided me a much better quality of life. For this I have developed this great value for the program of Narcotics Anonymous and its members. Early in my recovery I lived with and in a good deal of guilt. At that time, the only thing I had learned to somewhat value was I, and I had done and caused so much damage in my life.This led to my having to deal with a readiness dilemmas that lead to a lot of credences, and as a response of these convic tions, I began to value myself more. Because of this I was later able to appreciate me and not do anything else that could bring potential danger in my personal life and would make me feel worse than I was feeling. Since being in recovery with significant clean time, the level of how much I value people and things has changed. I think that by my incorporating the principles of the 12-steps in my personal life effects my approach and outlook to life.In honestly on the job(p) these steps I am forced to look at both me and how I am interacting with society. As a result I find that I appreciate people and things more and have come to value them more. I value my family a great deal, especially my immediate family, e. g. , my mom, sister, brother, stepfather, guide mother, and guide sisters. They are always there for me no matter what or how bad I or it had gotten. I did not call a good deal for help, but when I did my family was there to love and support me in any way they could.Today, they are compensate here on the side lines cheering me on, and they show their appreciation for my new way of life through each of their actions. As a result I have built some wonderful relationships with my family and, I have learned to value and appreciate those relationships a great deal. While facing one of my numerous horrible consequences I made the best decision, I could have ever made. This was the decision to go lynchpin to school to earn my GED. Because of my consistent good accomplishments in school it provided me this great since of appreciation for school and at some point I began to value education a great deal.Today I passive value education and although I am facing umteen dilemmas in my life that, causing conflict with this value, I still push myself to accomplish my education goal. I think that going to prison is something that helped me gift a great value for my freedom. It was not a good feeling being locked up in a small cage like some animal. Neither did it feel good to have others declare me when to sleep, eat, bath, etc. While in prison I was forced to be alone with me and learn how to be in a relationship with me. As a result my sense of self multiplied, and it was the first time that I felt this sense of personal value.Although I had lost the ability to do so I have always valued work and establishing a career. This is one value that was instilled in me from my mother. I hear her work day in and day out to provide for and take care of us. referable to my being raised in a neighborhood where many of the childrens parents did not work I took great pride in and valued the fact that my mom had a traffic. Not just a job but a job that allowed here to give me and my sister most of the things we wanted. Watching my mom work instilled in me a desire to work as well. Once I started to work, how I valued working changed because I was now getting a check.Making money from work provided me this very strong value and desire for both work and money, and it also confirmed for me that working a job was the only way I could make money, thus being able to take care of me and make it in this foundation independently. Here recently I have come to value friends and community. I guess that this is due to my having formal some healthy relationships that I appreciate and desire versus the those that I was accustomed to in my past and resented. Today, I am well liked and respected by personal friends and people in my community, and this provides me a sense of belonging and being apart.An ethical dilemma I had little difficult with was one that happened when I was working as a case manager at this Social Service Agency. There was a female person invitee who came into the office seeking rental assistant services. During the assessments it was learned that she had participated in another(prenominal) rental assistance program through another agency six months prior. Due to the agency being in relationship with this agency, th rough Memorandum of Understanding, our office was able to call their office and provide and get information nearly this young lady participation in their program.After contacting the partnering agency it was learned that the client had participated in another rental assistance program four months prior to receiving services there. As a result it was believed that the client was abusing the rental assistance programs and bullion in the area and was denied services. This did not cause much conflict with my personal values because this client was abusing the system. I know of many people who could really use, need, and deserve the assistance and here this lady is abusing it.I wanted to be angry with her and sabotage her file so she could not ever receive any kind of services from the agency again, but I knew this would be unethical employment and I did not do it. I felt that this client deserved to be denied for assistance however, many of the staff including myself argued that cont acting these external agencies about the case, and providing information about the client was in violation of the clients confidentiality rights. I think that this lady and others like her needed to be stopped, and the rental assistance program funds needs to be protected from abusers like this client.I think that I would have a lot of ethical dilemmas if I worked with the Department of Corrections (DOC) population, especially if I am employed in their health care/ intercession system. I tend to believe that many of the individuals in this population do not want treatment and would refuse it if they could. DOC forces many individuals in their population to participate in treatments that he or she do not really understand and really have no interest in understanding. In fact, it is almost unheard of for inmates within the Department of Corrections to receive an informed consent prior to receiving various treatments or services.In most cases the health care department calls the inmat e over and tells him or her what is going to be done and walks away without any further information until it is time to provide the treatment or service. This causes a dilemma for me because I believe that everybody, including prison inmates, should be entitled to the same privileges and freedoms when receiving treatment in prison. He or she should be provided an informed consent and allowed the opportunity to volunteer for services or treatment. There are some things that I desire and feel are important to me, e. g. , God, my recovery, self, respect, family, education, career, etc.Due to convictions that result from the desires to and importance of these people and things, I must sometimes deal with personal conflicts. Over the years, I have learned to value my relationship with God. God is at the top of my value list because he has done so much in keeping me. Today, I value myself a great deal. When I do not attend to my personal needs I feel this great sense of conviction and I t hink this result from my involvement with the Narcotics Anonymous program. I value the N. A. program because it and its members has provided me a new way of life at a greater quality.

Chapter 1 the Investment Environment

Chapter 1 The Investment Environment 1. 1. Real Assets versus monetary Assets (Page 30) ? Real Assets ? Determine the productive dexterity and net income of the economy ? Examples Land, buildings, machines, and knowledge used to produce goods and services ? Financial Assets ? Claims on real assets 1-2 1. 2. Financial Assets (Page 32) ? Three types 1. Fixed income or debt Common investment firm or equity Derivative securities 2. 3. 1-3 Fixed Income ? ? ? ? 1-4 Payments determined or determined by a formula Money market debt short term, highly marketable, sually emit credit risk (T-bills, certificates of deposits etc) Capital market debt long term bonds, can be safe or risky (Treasury bonds, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, etc) Bond ratings in terms of default risk, from very safe to debris Common Stock and Derivatives ? Common Stock is equity or ownership in a corporation. ? ? Derivatives ? ? 1-5 Payments to stockholders be not fixed, but depend on the success of the firm Val ue derives from prices of other securities such as stocks and bonds Used to transfer risk (hedge) 1. 3.Financial Markets and the Economy (page 33-36) ? ? ? ? ? 1-6 Information Role Capital flows to companies with best prospects Consumption measure Use securities to store wealth and transfer consumption to the future Allocation of Risk Investors can make out securities consistent with their tastes for risk Separation of Ownership and Management minimize the famous agency costs and maximise firm value Corporate Governance and Corporate Ethics How to reduce the agency problems (Page 34-35) ? ? ? ? 1-7 Compensation plans bonus, stock options, etc.The power of the board of directors Outsiders monitor Threat of takeover proxy contest, mergers, etc. 1. 4. The Investment Process (page 36) ? When constructing a portfolio, investors need to decide ? ? 1-8 Asset allocation ? picking among broad asset classes Security selection ? Choice of which securities to hold within asset class ? Secur ity analysis to value securities and determine investment magnet 1. 4. The Investment Process (page 37) ? 1-9 Portfolio strategies ? Top-down starts from asset allocation Bottom-up starts from individual securities 1. 5. Markets are Competitive (page 37-39) ? Implications from no-free-lunch proposal ? ? Risk-Return Trade-Off Efficient Markets (security prices have reflected all information) (Chapter 11-12) ? Passive management ? No attempt to find undervalued securities ? No ? attempt to time the market ? Holding a highly diversified portfolio Active Management ? ? 1-10 determination mispriced securities Timing the market 1. 6. The Players (page 39-42) ? ? ? ? Business Firms net borrowersHouseholds net savers Governments can be both borrowers and savers Financial Intermediaries share and invest funds ? Investment Companies ? Banks ? Insurance companies ? Credit unions 1-11 Universal Bank Activities Investment Banking Underwrite untested stock and bond issues Sell newly issue d securities to public in the primary market Investors trade previously issued securities among themselves in the secondary markets Commercial Banking Take deposits and make loans 1-12 1. 7. Financial Crisis of 2008 Reading (page 42-51) 1-13